Operant Conditioning in Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions

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Abstract
Operant conditioning, instrumental learning, biofeedback…. These are some of the designations assigned to the concept that autonomic nervous functions can be brought under voluntary control. This concept has been applied to the management of gastrointestinal dysfunctions, notably esophageal reflux and fecal incontinence, with desired clinical effects achieved in relatively brief periods of time.