Examining the care of patients with peripheral venous cannulas

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine nursing issues in the care of patients with peripheral venous cannulas (PVCs) with particular focus on duration of cannulation in order to minimize risk of infection. A tentative practice model evolved from this study. The research approach used involved qualitative methods utilizing grounded theory. Data analysis produced one tentative core category, ‘effectiveness.’ This allowed for the development of a 12-dimensional model explaining the nursing function against four interrelated models: development; practice; organizational support; and effectiveness. Related to these four models were key professional aspects of ‘autonomy-control’ and ‘knowledge-practice’. Interpretative findings from the study were plotted against this model, giving a graphic representation and highlighting strengths and weaknesses of nursing practice. Aspects requiring improvement included: PVC care as a syllabus subject, nursing practice, autonomy and control issues, shared responsibility problems, documentation systems, goal setting, and outcomes. The policy, nurses' knowledge of PVC care and identification of critical issues were considered satisfactory. The model incorporates 12 important dimensions associated with effective practice that can be applied to nursing at different levels — clinical practice, education, management — and to other disciplines, providing a framework for narrowing the theory—practice gap and improving patient care.