Abstract
Recent suggestions for experimental tests of current hypothesies about populations deserve attention by field biologists and wildlife managers. A ready-made opportunity for the level of replication needed for bona fide statistical tests exists in the multiple management areas used in most states. Simple difference equation models might be used directly as null hypotheses. More complex models involving interactions of animal populations and food supplied require more study before suitable designs can be prepared. Such evaluations can likely be done retrospectively, using available data, and require vigorous and continuing discussions among biologists.