V factor-dependent members of the family Pasteurellaceae in the porcine upper respiratory tract

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Abstract
A study was performed to obtain a better understanding of the diversity and ecology of members of the family Pasteurellaceae in the porcine respiratory tract. A collection of 132 V factor-dependent strains of Pasteurellaceae selected from porcine field isolates mainly from the respiratory tract were subjected to detailed characterization. In addition to the three hitherto recognized species Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, and Haemophilus taxon "minor group," three distinct taxa were observed. Some of these taxa, which are provisionally designated taxa D, E, and F, would by traditional criteria be mistaken for H. parasuis but differed by several biochemical characteristics. To study the ecology of the V factor-dependent species, swabs from the nasal and oral cavities of 29 pigs were cultivated on selective and nonselective media. By studying approximately 30 isolates from each sample, the distribution and relative proportion of the individual taxa were determined. A. pleuropneumoniae was detected in samples from the tonsil areas of only two acutely ill animals. H. parasuis was isolated from the nasal cavities of four out of nine healthy pigs but from the oral cavities of only two animals. In contrast, taxon "minor group" and taxa D, E, and F were present in the oral cavities of the majority of pigs but were not detected in samples from their nasal cavities. The results indicate that all the observed V factor-dependent species of Pasteurellaceae, except A. pleuropneumoniae, are members of the resident microflora of various mucosal surfaces of the porcine upper respiratory tract.