Proximity effect bridge and superconducting microcircuitry

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Abstract
Techniques have been developed with which it is possible to fabricate superconducting thin‐film structures with a wide variety of electrical and superconducting parameters which show Josephson‐like phenomena. These bridges‐based on the proximity effect‐are made in layered thin‐film ``substrates'' using a large variety of superconducting and nonsuperconducting materials. In this paper we detail the fabrication techniques and the electrical and superconducting characteristics for these proximity effect bridges including a simple low‐frequency (<10 GHz) equivalent circuit based on analysis and experiment which closely describes the quantum phase coherence operation of the bridges in their voltage sustaining state. Extension of these fabrication techniques to entire thin‐film electrical circuits including resistors, capacitors, and inductors with these bridges and leading to an entire superconducting microcircuit technology is discussed.