Abstract
The population genetic hypothesis that mating is random with respect to genotype at a specific two allele locus is equivalent to the statistical hypothesis that the genotypic frequency distribution is given by a binomial expansion (p+q)2. An exact,small sample, conditional test of this hypothesis is derived by tabulating critical values of the number of hetero-zygotes in a sample of size n containing given frequencies of each allele. for amy fixed value of relative gene frequency in the sample this conditional distribution rapidly approaches normality, and the conventional chi-square test becomes valid.