On finite-size effects in computer simulations using the Ewald potential

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Abstract
We discuss the origin and relevance for computer simulations of a strong finite‐size effect that appears when using the Ewald summation formula. It can be understood as arising from a volume‐dependent shift of the potential in a finite, periodic box relative to the infinite volume limit. This shift is due to the fact that the ‘‘zero of energy’’ for a periodic system cannot be defined by letting the interacting particles be separated by an infinite distance; the correct definition corresponds to setting its k=0 Fourier mode to zero. The implications of this effect for computer simulations are discussed.