Electron Phase Microscopy and Its Applications to the Observation of Vortex Dynamics

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Abstract
The development of a coherent electron beam has opened a way to measure, byelectron holography, the phase distribution of an electron beam transmitted through a phase object to a precision within 1/100 of the wavelength and to observe vortex dynamics byLorentz microscopy(defocused electron microscopy under collimated illumination). Objects and fields on the microscopic level, which have been previously inaccessible, are thus becoming observable. Examples are the measurement of a magnetic field distribution inside a vortex and the dynamic observation of vortices.