Desialylated transferrin and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase compared as laboratory markers of excessive alcohol consumption

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Abstract
Concentrations of both desialylated transferrin (dTf) and the mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1, mAST) have been claimed to be increased in sera of alcoholic subjects. To investigate the diagnostic usefulness of these new biochemical markers of alcoholism and to compare them with more conventional markers, we measured dTf and mAST in the sera of controls, alcoholic subjects, and patients with nonalcoholic liver diseases (NALD). Alcoholic subjects had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher ratios of dTf to total transferrin than did either healthy controls or patients with NALD (sensitivity 81%, specificity 97%). The mAST was increased in 92% of alcoholic subjects but also in 48% of patients with NALD. The mAST/total AST ratio differentiated the alcoholic subjects from those with NALD (P less than 0.001) with a sensitivity of 92%, but the specificity was only 70%. In contrast, the conventional markers were less sensitive and less specific. We conclude that the best available single laboratory marker for current heavy alcohol consumption is the ratio dTf/total transferrin.