Highly reliable operation of indium tin oxide AlGaInPorange light-emitting diodes

Abstract
Indium-tin oxide (ITO) transparent conducting films with a low resistivity of 2–3 × 10-4 Ω·cm have been introduced as a window layer in (Al0.7Ga0.7)0.5In0.5P/(Al0.1Ga0.9)0.5In0.5P double-heterostructure orange light-emitting diodes to obtain a uniform spatial distribution of the emission light, a good device performance and high reliability. An output power of 450 µW at 20 mA corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 1.1% for the 620 nm emission can be achieved.