Cardiovascular effects of morphine, pethidine, diamorphine and nalorphine on the cat and rabbit

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Abstract
1 The predominant effect of morphine, diamorphine, pethidine or nalorphine on the blood pressure of the anaesthetized cat or rabbit is hypotension although, occasionally, a pressor action may predominate or intervene. 2 Possible mechanisms of the depressor phases of action have been studied on cardiac and vascular preparations both in situ and in vitro. 3 While in the whole animal, catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla and histamine liberation may be implicated in the responses, the vasodilator and vascular relaxant actions of morphine and, probably, pethidine, nalorphine and diamorphine on the isolated preparations are not mediated by the liberation of known peripheral transmitters or autacoids or by interaction with their specific receptors.

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