Characterization of Hydroxyl Radical-induced Damage after Sparsely and Densely Ionizing Irradiation

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Abstract
The extent of hydroxyl radical mediated cell inactivation was measured for a variety of particle beams ranging from 8·5 MeV/u neon ions to 570 MeV/u argon ions. In general, the fraction of the total radiosensitivity caused by OH· decreases from close to 60 per cent at low ionization density or low linear energy transfer (low LET) to close to 25 per cent at high LET for aerobically irradiated mammalian cells. The extent of OH· induced cell lethality can be explained in terms of LET∞ only for low energy or low atomic number particles where fragmentations and complicated track structures do not contaminate the characteristic particle LET. For example, at a calculated LET∞ of 100 keV/μm, the OH· mediated fraction of the total radiation damage is about 25 per cent for low energy carbon but close to 40 per cent for high energy carbon ions. For low energy charged nuclei of approximately the same energy, as the 5·4–13·4 MeV/u He, Li, C and Ne ions in this report, there is a predictable diminution of the OH· mediated effect with increasing LET∞; however, the biological effect cannot be predicted accurately from calculated LET∞ values for high energy particle irradiation, nor indeed from a variety of low energy charged particles of quite different energies (incident velocities). This illustrates the unsuitability of using LET as a unifying parameter, except under specific circumstances. As more is learned about the energy deposition for energized charged particles in terms of track structure (core and penumbra), it may be possible to characterize the radiobiological data with a better physical parameter than LET∞.