Safety and Efficacy of Pedicle Screw Placement for Adult Spinal Deformity with a Pedicle-Probing Conventional Anatomic Technique

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Abstract
A prospective study of 50 adults treated with fusion, realignment, and segmental spinal instrumentation for spinal deformity was conducted to assess the safety, accuracy, and efficacy of the free-hand pedicle screw placement technique. Postoperative computed tomographic scans were performed to evaluate the placement of 282 screws and were correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. Five screws were placed at T12, 26 at L1, 39 at L2, 48 at L3, 73 at L4, 35 at L5, and 50 at S1. Nine screws (3%) were misplaced and included three screws (1.06%) that violated the medial wall with no clinical sequelae or revision surgery needed. There were no neurologic deficits related to screw placement. The free-hand technique is a safe and cost-effective method for pedicular screw placement during surgery for adult spine deformities.