An adaptive approach to load shedding and spinning reserve control during underfrequency conditions

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Abstract
Emergency conditions arising due to generating power deficiency and the consequent drop in power system frequency can lead to system collapse and a large scale loss of load. Underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) is a globally accepted practice to handle this situation. Most UFLS schemes use pre-specified step sizes based upon frequency measurements. This paper presents an adaptive scheme which uses both frequency and rate-of-change of frequency measurements to dynamically set UFLS relays if more than one generation outage is experienced. It then proposes a technique for coordinating UFLS and the activation of spinning reserves through localized governor control. Recent developments in computer based frequency and rate-of-change of frequency relays makes this scheme both feasible and attractive.

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