P2 purinoceptor localization along rat nephron and evidence suggesting existence of subtypes P2Y1and P2Y2

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Abstract
Effects of extracellular ATP on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined in rat single nephron segments using the fura 2-AM. ATP (10 μM) induced a significant transient increase in [Ca2+]iin the glomerulus, the early proximal convoluted tubule (S1), the cortical collecting tubule (CCT), and the outer medullary collecting tubule (OMCT). The magnitude of the response was the greatest in the OMCT among four segments. ATP induced an increase in the [Ca2+]iin a dose-dependent manner in S1 and OMCT. In the OMCT, ATP caused a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]iconsisting of an initial rapid rise and a sustained phase. Removal of calcium from the medium resulted in an attenuation of the sustained phase of [Ca2+]iand an ∼30% reduction in the height of the initial [Ca2+]ipeak in response to 10 μM ATP. Effects of ATP, its analogs, and its metabolites were tested in the S1 and OMCT. ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP (2-MeS-ATP), ADP, and UTP increased [Ca2+]idose dependently. AMP and adenosine did not affect [Ca2+]iin the S1 and OMCT. The ATP- or 2-MeS-ATP-induced [Ca2+]iincrease was inhibited by the pretreatment of the S1 and OMCT with suramin or reactive blue 2. Neomycin, a phospholipase C inhibitor, attenuated the ATP-induced [Ca2+]iincrease. To investigate the hormonelike action of ATP in OMCT, a heterologous cross desensitization was performed. The pretreatment of OMCT with ATP inhibited increases in vasopressin-, ANG II-, endothelin-1-, or bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]iincrease. These findings suggest that ATP might affect the above peptidyl agonist-activated calcium mobilizations.

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