Plastic Flow, Creep, and Stress Relaxation. Part IV. Anomalous Flow as an Order-Disorder Transition

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Abstract
Plastic systems show effects of steric hindrance at rest, which results in a molecule preventing its neighbors from occupying certain positions and introduces a certain degree of orientation. Under stress many more positions, resulting from the rotation, are forbidden to a molecule in motion. In order to make more positions available, the system must increase its volume under stress and changes from a state of greater order to a state of greater disorder. Based on this concept equations are given which present the strain‐rate at constant temperatures as functions of stress, change in volume and degree of order and disorder. The changes in entropy and energy of interaction, accompanying the strained state, are expressed by a generalized partition function. This concept of anomalous flow is extended to visco‐elastic effects for systems with rubber‐like elasticity, and has been exemplified by data on polychloroprene under tension.

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