Injection of ions into glass from a glow discharge

Abstract
Glow discharges have been used to inject singly charged ions into soda−lime−silicate glass at ∼300 °C. Ion injection has been confirmed for ions such as Ni+, Nb+, Mo+, Ta+, etc., using x−ray fluorescence analysis, Auger spectroscopy, and ion scattering spectroscopy. A model based on the band structure of SiO2 predicts that ∼80% of all elements (those with ionization energies less than ∼10 eV) can be injected into a silicate glass from a glow discharge.