Toxicity of Insecticides to Predators of Rice Brown Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

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Abstract
Insecticides, at the N. lugens LD50 level, were applied in the Potter's spray tower and as a foliage spray to determine their selective toxicity to predators of N. lugens. These included a mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis; the ripple bug, Microvelia atrolineata; and the spider Lycosa pseudoannulata. In the Potter's spray tower test, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were highly toxic to the three predator species on contact. Deltamethrin was toxic to C. lividipennis and M. atrolineata when they fed on treated N. lugens prey. Endosulfan and ethylan were not very toxic to the three predators. When the predators were placed on sprayed plants, only deltamethrin was toxic to L. pseudoannulata and M. atrolineata, whereas all of the insecticides were toxic to C. lividipennis, with BPMC being the least and deltamethrin the most toxic. Of the commercially available insecticides, acephate, BPMC, carbophenothion, and endosulfan were the least toxic to natural enemies.