Evaluation of in vivo adsorption of blood elements onto hydrogel‐coated silicone rubber by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Abstract
Three hydrogel formulations consisting of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerized with N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) were incorporated into silicone rubber by irradiation‐induced polymerization. These coatings were chosen to represent different degrees of hydrophilicity, and they changed the hydrophobic character of the silicone rubber surface to that of hydrophilic. These composite materials and the silicone rubber comparison material were used as femoral artery‐to‐vein (A‐V) shunts and were removed at 15 min, an approximate time representative of an initial buildup stage of blood elements on test surfaces. Data obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the type and amount of adhering blood cells and fibrin at the time interval described. One‐half of each specimen was used for Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) analysis to provide a direct comparison of the relative amounts of protein present on the silicone rubber and the three hydrogel composite samples. The combined SEM and FT‐IR analyses were performed on A‐V samples from three dogs. Differences in the response of blood to the surfaces were found by the combined SEM and FT‐IR analyses. The more hydrophilic a hydrogel grafted surface, the less fibrin and cellular elements were seen deposited on it. This is not interpreted as an indication of less reactivity, but is more likely due to thrombus buildup and a degree of subsequent embolization (a tearing of sections of the platelet matting away from a surface, revealing an area that again can be covered).

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