BACTEROIDES RUMINICOLA N. SP. AND SUCCINIMONAS AMYLOLYTICA THE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES

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Abstract
B. ruminicola is a nonmotile nonsporeforming rod that ferments a wide variety of carbohydrates and produces succinic and acetic acids and variable amounts of formic acid but no gas in rumen fluid-glucose medium. The species is divided into 2 subspecies, B. rumicola subsp. ruminicola and B. ruminicola subsp. brevis. The second subspecies is shorter with most cells occurring as coccoids and ovals and grows well with trypticase and yeast extract substituted for rumen fluid. The species is often the most numerous succinic acid-producing, starch-hydrolyzing and xylan-fermenting bacterium isolated from the rumen. A strain of the nutritionally less fastidious B. ruminicola subsp. brevis requires CO2, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid and unknown factors in enzymatically hydrolyzed casein for optimum growth in a medium containing minerals, cysteine HC1 and glucose. S. amylolytica is the type species of the new genus SUCCINIMONAS in the family Pseudomonadaceae. The genus includes anaerobic, nonsporeforming, gram negative, straight rods with rounded ends that are motile with polar flagella and produce a large amount of succinic acid from carbohydrate. The type species includes short rod to coccoid-shaped, monotrichous organisms that ferment starch and its hydrolytic products. The species is found among the predominant bacteria of the rumen when cattle were fed rations of grain mixtures in addition to roughage.