Investigations on the Nature of the Auxin-Wave in the Cambial Region of Pine Stems

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Abstract
The major auxins of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) which is transported basipetally into agar strips from the cambial region of the stem was quantified by the Went Avena coleoptile curvature assay before and after reversed phase C18 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then identified by full spectrum gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The IAA was subsequently quantified by GC-MS-selected ion monitoring (SIM) using an internal standard of [13C]-(C6)-IAA. The amount of IAA collected into 22-millimeter long agar strips during 10 minutes of contact with the stem cambial region was estimated by GC-MS-SIM and the Went bioassay to be 2.3 and 2.1 nanograms per strip, respectively. The GC-MS technique thus confirmed the results obtained by the Went curvature assay. The Avena curvature assay revealed the presence of at least one other, more polar (based on HPLC retention time) auxin that diffused into the agar strips with the IAA. Its bioactivity was only 5% of the IAA fraction. Its HPLC retention time was earlier than IAA-glucoside, IAA-aspartate, or IAA-glycine, but the same as IAA-inositol. No significant amounts of inhibitors or synergists of IAA activity on the Avena assay were found in extracts corresponding to one or five strips of agar. Thus, the direct bioassay of the agar strips immediately after their removal from the cambial region of P. silvestris stem sections reflects the concentration of the native IAA. For both P. silvestris and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) a wavelike pattern of auxin stimulation of Avena curvature was found in agar strips exposed for only 10 minutes to the basal ends of an axial series of 6-millimeter long sections from the cambial region of the stem. This wave-like pattern was subsequently confirmed for P. contorta both by Avena curvature assay and by GC-MS-SIM of HPLC fractions at the retention time of [3H]IAA. The wavelike pattern of auxin differing from the cambial region of Pinus has thus been determined to consist primarily of IAA and this pattern has now been quantitated using both the Went Avena curvature assay and GC-MS-SIM with [13C]C6-IAA as an internal standard.