Multipion droplets

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Abstract
The authors predict the existence of multipion droplets stable with respect to strong interactions (condensed pion balls). They perform the analysis using two different approaches. The first one utilizes the phenomenological information about soft pion interactions. It leads to the conclusion that at least pi 0's may form a multipion bound state. The second approach is based on the generalized sigma -model incorporating chiral symmetry, scale invariance and the trace anomaly. In the mean-field approximation disregarding surface effects, they have found nontopological soliton solutions, pion balls, representing the multipion states. Pion balls may be formed in the course of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions due to the condensation of pions in the regions with suppressed quark and gluon condensates.