Electron Cyclotron Heating and Pre-Ionization in the JFT-2 Tokamak

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Abstract
Electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and pre-ionization using a 28 GHz 200 kW gyrotron were investigated in the JFT-2 tokamak. Three modes of the wave were launched from different types of launch system, i.e. the extraordinary mode from the high field side of the torus, the ordinary mode from the low field side, and TE 02 mode from the top to examine their heating characteristics. The oblique launch of the extraordinary mode gave the largest central heating in consistent with the theoretical prediction. It was shown that the polarization of the launched wave as well as the effect of the mode conversion at the upper hybrid resonance layer contribute to the heating mechanism.