PENETRATION OF SURFACE TISSUES WITH COPPER BY IONTOPHORESIS

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Abstract
Iontophoresis, the introduction of ions of electrolytic salts into the tissues of the body for therapeutic purposes by means of the galvanic current, was developed as a method of treatment during the latter part of the nineteenth century. The experiments carried out with iontophoresis in animals and in human beings by Leduc at the turn of the century helped to create new applications in this field of therapy.1 Since its introduction, this procedure, also referred to as medical ionization or ion transfer, has been tried in the treatment of almost every accessible surface tissue in the body, notably in the eyes,2 the nose,3 the ears,4 the skin,5 the teeth6 and genital tissues.7 Notwithstanding the long period of clinical trial, the value of iontophoresis as a method of increasing the penetration of therapeutic substances through the intact surface membranes of the

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