Anabolic Steroid Dependence with Opioid-Type Features

Abstract
To the Editor: As many as 1 million athletes in the United States may be administering androgenic anabolic steroids to themselves to enhance their performance and alter their physical appearance.1 , 2 Regimens include the combination of oral and parenteral androgenic anabolic steroids ("stacking") at high doses (10 to 12 times greater than the recommended therapeutic doses) and steroids used in cycles separated by rest periods.1 , 2 A number of anecdotal reports describe euphoric and psychological effects of androgenic anabolic steroids. We report a case of apparent dependence on such steroids.3 , 4 A 23-year-old body-builder reported that he was "addicted" to androgenic anabolic steroids . . .

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