Intrarenal distribution of oxalic acid, calcium, sodium, and potassium in man

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Abstract
The renal papilla in man contains a high concentration of oxalate (5.5 .+-. 0.8 mM/kg wet weight, mean .+-. SEM, n = 7 kidneys). There is a significant concentration gradient between oxalate in the papilla and that of the medulla (0.4 .+-. 0.08, P < 0.05) and the cortex (0.3 .+-. 0.06, P < 0.05). Significant Ca2+ and Na+ gradients between renal papilla and medulla and cortex were confirmed and parallel that of oxalate. K+ showed a significant decrease in the papilla (33.1 .+-. 0.9) as compared to the medulla (42. 1 .+-. 1.9, P < 0.05). The concentrations of oxalate and Ca2+ in the papilla were 25-fold and 6-fold higher, respectively, than the urinary concentrations of oxalate and Ca2+. These high concentrations of oxalate and Ca2+ in the renal papilla are related to the formation of Randall''s plaques and may be an essential factor in the pathogenesis of renal stones.

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