Performances of Josephson Junction Harmonic Mixers with Harmonic Numbers 1–8 at 70 GHz

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Abstract
We have carried out a series of experiments at 70.03 GHz on Josephson junction harmonic mixers with harmonic numbers 1–8, using an identical Josephson junction. It was found that Josephson junction harmonic mixers operate differently depending on whether their harmonic numbers are odd or even. With odd-harmonic mixers, only finite-bias operation is possible, while with even-harmonic mixers, finite-bias and zero-bias operations are both possible. It is noted that a 2nd-harmonic mixer has a conversion efficiency equal to or higher than that of a fundamental mixer. The dependence of the conversion efficiency (η) on the harmonic number (N) was also studied, and the following approximate relations were determined: η∼N -1.6 for finite-bias operation and η∼N -1.4 for zero-bias operation.

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