Combined-Modality Therapy for Rectal Carcinoma — The Time Has Come

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Abstract
Even the most skeptical observer should be impressed by the rapidity of scientific advances in our management of colorectal cancer, a disease that until recently consumed substantial research efforts that provided no direct benefit to the patient. Now, however, research on this disease is yielding information that promises to be of practical importance. For example, dramatic improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer will probably stem from the delineation of the progressive genetic changes during the transition from normal bowel epithelium to a premalignant polyp and from dysplasia to transformation,1 the identification of gene products that enable cancer . . .