Upper Limit forT-Invariance Violation in ElasticppScattering

Abstract
A model-independent upper limit on the time-reversal-invariance (TRI) violating amplitude in elastic pp scattering based on a direct experimental reconstruction of the scattering matrix is presented. This analysis is made possible by a set of sixteen polarization parameters measured at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research for 579-MeV elastic pp scattering at six center-of-mass angles between 66° and 86°. Less than 1% is found for the fraction of TRI-violating cross section.