Fabrication of 4 x 4 tapered MMI coupler with large cross section

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Abstract
MMI coupler with large cross section has low coupling loss between the device and fiber. However, large chip area is required. Recently proposed N/spl times/N tapered MMI coupler shows a substantial reduction in device geometry. No such kind of devices with N>2 has yet been realized up to now. The authors have demonstrated a 4/spl times/4 parabolically tapered MMI coupler with large cross section that can match the SM fiber in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The device exhibits a minimum uniformity of 0.36 dB and excess loss of 3.7 dB. It represents a key component for realization of MMI-based silicon integrated optical circuit technology.