Vol III Module 1

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Abstract
Learning disabilities are usually discovered in primary school, and may persist in some form throughout life. Dyslexia, or poor reading ability, is the most common type of learning disability. After years of multidisciplinary research, there are still no simple solutions to this problem. Ophthalmologists are often consulted to rule out the possibility of an ocular disorder in dyslexic children and to recommend appropriate eye treatment. It is important, therefore, that ophthalmologists know of appropriate resources available for additional testing and referral of learning-disabled children. In this module, Eugene M. Helveston, M.D. reviews the clinical features of dyslexia in its various forms, as well as guidelines for recognition and referral. Also discussed are controversies regarding the management of learning disorders, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to understand the nature of these disorders. In a separate section, consultants Creig S. Hoyt, M.D. and Andrea Cibis Tongue, M.D. respond to important questions raised by the Academy's Practicing Ophthalmologists Advisory Committee.