Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Hypotension on Low-Sodium Hemodialysis

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Abstract
The influence of low Na dialysate (126 mmol/l) on plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2.alpha., plasma renin activity (PRA) and arterial blood pressure was investigated in 16 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PGE2 rose > 10-fold and there was a significant increase in PGF2.alpha. and PRA. Mean arterial pressure dropped by 30 mm Hg, causing discomfort in several patients. By contrast, conventional hemodialysis against 140 mmol/l of Na was followed by less pronounced changes in plasma prostaglandins, and reduction of blood pressure was moderate (13 mm Hg). Vasodilating prostaglandins may contribute to dialysis hypotension. Their origin may not be confined to the kidneys but rather extend to the lungs and circulating blood cells. The in vitro generation of prostaglandins was demonstrated when donor blood was circulated in an extracorporeal dialysis system.