Shadowing in deuterium

We calculate nuclear shadowing in lepton-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering, which arises from the double scattering of the virtual photon from both nucleons in the deuteron. The total correction to the deuteron structure function is found to be ≲1% at small $x$, but dependent on the model deuteron wave function. The resulting increase in the corrected neutron structure function is ∼1-2% for $x\simeq 0.004$, which leads to a 4-10% decrease in the value of the Gottfried sum obtained recently by the New Muon Collaboration.