Continuous fermentation — And new horizons

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Abstract
Continuous processes for cultivating microbes have not been very successful in application because the variable nature of microbial activities do not conform to the rigid stoichiometrics of chemical reactions and fixed physical constants. Such difficulties require enlightened approaches and new perspectives with emphasis on inter‐ and multi‐disciplinary interactions. The new area of continuous synchronized growth, which enables cellular activity to be focussed, used and exploited on the basis of the cell, and life processes to be considered on an absolute basis, is discussed.