Chromosome alterations in the karyotype of triticale in comparison with the parental forms

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Abstract
R genome chromosomes were studied in two forms of primary triticales (hexaploid ‘TPG-1/1-78’ and octoploid ‘AD 825’) and in their parent rye forms (Secale cereale L. cv. ‘Kharkovskaya 60’ and ‘VSKhI’, respectively) using the methods of C-banding and morphometric analysis. The size of some heterochromatic segments was shown to alter in the karyotype of triticale. An increase in size was detected approximately in half of all telomeric C-bands; the size of the other C-bands either decreased or did not change. The frequencies of these alterations were 1∶1. The variability in the size of telomeric C-bands in rye chromosomes diminished in both triticales studied. The two triticale forms inherited variants of R genome chromosome polymorphism predominantly with the medium size range of telomeric C-bands. The centromeric C-bands in both triticale forms either enlarged or did not alter. Possible mechanisms responsible for the observed pattern of alterations are discussed.