Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis
- 1 October 1987
- journal article
- Published by Academy of Management in Academy of Management Review
- Vol. 12 (4) , 648-657
- https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306717
Abstract
The transactional and transformational theories of leadership developed by Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) are clarified and extended by using a constructive/developmental theory to explain how critical personality differences in leaders lead to either transactional or transformational leadership styles. The distinction between two levels of transactional leadership is expanded, and a three-stage developmental model of leadership is proposed.Keywords
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