Thermally induced conformational transition of double‐stranded xanthan in aqueous salt solutions

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Abstract
The thermally induced conformational transition of double‐stranded xanthans (degree of pyruvate substitution, DSP = 0.45) having Mw = 3.1, 5.7, and 20.3 × 105 has been studied in aqueous salt solutions by high‐sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The double strandedness of these samples in the ordered conformation was ascertained by the value of mass per unit length, ML = 2090 ± 270 g mol−1 nm−1, which was determined from the contour length obtained by electron microscopic observations and the molecular weight by light scattering measurements. The temperature at half completion of the transition T½ for these samples increased linearly with the logarithm of the cation (Na+, K +) concentration. The plot of 1/T½ vs the natural logarithm of cation (Na + ) concentration in mM for the sample with Mw = 5.7 × 105 (15‐SX) yielded the equation 103/T½ = 3.45−0.159 in[Na +]. The specific enthalpy Δhcal, for 15‐SX, essentially independent of salt concentration above 20 mM, was 8.31 ± 0.39 J/g (SD, n = 6). No systematic dependence of molecular weight on the transition temperature and the enthalpy was observed. Application of the Manning polyelectrolyte theory to the system using the DSC data suggested that the separation of the double strand of xanthan into two single chains was not completed at the temperature where the endothermic peak was finished. This suggestion is consistent with recent findings by light scattering measurements as a function of temperature. Our DSC study was extended to include four other samples from various sources. It was found that T½ and Δhcal depend on the pyruvate contents of the samples. For example, the t½(t½/° C = T½/K − 237.15) values for samples with high pyruvate content (DSp = 0.9) and depyruvated (DSp = 0.14) in 20 m Maqueous NaCl were 48.8 and 85.3°C, respectively. Two other samples showed relatively broad DSC curves having shoulders, which were resolved into two independent components. Thermodynamic parameters for each component were examined as a function of salt concentration, and the results obtained were interpreted in terms of the heterogeneity of the pyruvate content of the samples.