Analytical and clinical validity of whole‐genome oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization for pediatric patients with mental retardation and developmental delay

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Abstract
We performed a pilot study to establish the analytical and clinical validity of whole genome oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH) using the 44,000 oligonucleotide array from Agilent Technologies. DNA specimens from 10 patients with different chromosomal abnormalities were used as the test group and sex mismatched normal male or female DNA as references. A series of DNA mixtures containing 50%, 33%, and 25% of a known deletion was generated to evaluate the analytical capacity of oaCGH on detecting mosaic pattern. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and analytical resolution for detecting deletions, duplications, and mosaic patterns. The oaCGH detected the chromosomally recognized deletions, duplications, and additional genomic aberrations. Flurorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays using targeted BAC clone probes confirmed oaCGH findings. Failure in detecting marker chromosomes, a polymorphic inversion, and a Robertsonian translocation was also noted. The oaCGH achieved 99% sensitivity and 99% specificity with a resolution of 300–500 Kb. It also demonstrated 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity in detecting 50% mosaicism; however, increased test‐to‐test variations and reduced sensitivity were noted as the mosaic percentage decreased. Chromosome and oaCGH analyses on 50 pediatric patients with mental retardation (MR) and developmental delay (DD) delineated the genomic content of chromosomal abnormalities in nine cases, pathogenic genomic disorders in three cases and benign genomic variants in six cases. These results affirmed the analytical and clinical validity of oaCGH and prompted a cytogenomic algorithm to integrate oaCGH, chromosome and FISH analyses for genetic diagnosis.