Human serum-resistant retroviral vector particles from galactosyl (α1–3) galactosyl containing nonprimate cell lines

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Abstract
Retroviral vector particles (RVP) which are resistant to inactivation by human serum will be needed for many in vivo gene therapy applications. Murine-based producer cell lines generate RVP which are inactivated by human serum, reportedly due to the presence of the galactosyl (α1–3) galactosyl carbohydrate moiety (αGal) on these and other nonprimate producer cells and RVP. Consequently, human cells (which lack the αGal moiety) have been developed as producer cell lines for generation of human serum-resistant RVP. In this study, we report that contrary to earlier reports, the presence of the αGal moiety on producer cells and RVP does not necessarily correlate with cell killing or RVP inactivation by human serum. We show that the αGal-positive ferret brain cell line, Mpf, is an excellent basal cell line for generation of RVP which have titers and serum resistance levels equal to or greater than RVP produced in human cell lines such as HT1080. Therefore, packaging cell lines need not be limited to those of human or primate origin for production of human serum-resistant RVP.