A high pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry ion source for thermal stabilization of labile biomolecules

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Abstract
A high pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) ion source was designed and tested. With this design, pressure is pulsed to an estimated 1–10 mbar in the region of the MALDI sample during desorption with the result of significantly decreased fragmentation compared to similar systems operating with pressures of <0.1 mbar. The thermal stabilization of vibrationally excited ions under these conditions is shown with small peptides desorbed from the ‘hot’ matrix α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and with the highly labile oxidized β-chain of insulin. Fragile gangliosides with several sialic acid residues are desorbed under high pressure and remain intact without the typical losses of sialic acid, and a protein standard, ubiquitin (8565.64 Da), is desorbed with minimal dehydration. Under high pressure collisional cooling conditions, non-covalent matrix adduction to the molecular ions becomes prominent, but with the trapped ions in an FT mass spectrometer, the ions can be mildly activated to detach the matrix adducts. The new source, additionally, generates significant levels of the multiply charged ions which are commonly seen in MALDI-TOFMS, but are rarely observed in MALDI-FTMS. This effect is more likely due to the elimination of a mass filtering effect in the previous FTMS ion source than to collisional cooling of the ions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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