Rapid detection of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Abstract
C. perfringens type A enterotoxin was specifically detected and readily quantified by indirect and 4-layer sandwich enzyme-linked immunsorbent assays (ELISA). With the indirect ELISA, enterotoxin was detected in quantities of as low as 2.5 ng (25 ng/ml). When the more sensitivie sandwich ELISA procedure was used, 100 pg (1 ng/ml) of enterotoxin was detected. The sandwich ELISA procedure specifically detected enterotoxin in human fecal extracts. The sandwich ELISA specifically differentiated enterotoxin-positive strains from enterotoxin-negative strains of C. perfringens. Both the indirect and sandwich ELISA procedures described for C. perfringens enterotoxin are rapid, specific, sensitive, and easily adaptable for large-scale use by clinical or research laboratories.