The functional relationship between skeleton and cytoplasm in Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg)

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Abstract
Living specimens of H. germanica (Ehrenberg) were fixed, stained and cytologically studied. The spatial relationship between the active cytoplasm and the test skeleton is shown, demonstrating the functions of the primary and latero-umbilical supplementary apertures, the intercameral lacunae and the umbilicus. The relationship confirms the nature of the extrathalamous cytoplasmic layer and the origin of the pseudopodia and supports suppositions as to the purpose of the umbilical-apertural tubercles. The lacunate cytoplasm of H. germanica is compared to the intraseptal cytoplasm of Elphidium williamsoni (Haynes).

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