Patterns of transformation intensity on flax hypocotyls inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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Abstract
Cellular transformation intensities on flax (Linum usitatissimum) hypocotyl explants using disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens were investigated through various preculture durations, cocultivation durations and removal of epidermis. The expression of an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by CaMV 35S promoter served as a reporter for determination of transformed tissues on hypocotyls. The binary plasmid p35SGUSINT in octopine-type Agrobacterium strain GV2260 was used as the vector system. A prolonged cocultivation duration (5–7 days) resulted in a much higher transformation staining intensity (frequency * tissue area) than 2- or 3-day-cocultivation duration on hypocotyls variously precultured prior to inoculation. A high staining intensity on the two cut ends was obtained from nonprecultured hypocotyls. A reduction in intensity on the upper cut end of hypocotyls was observed with preculture times greater than 6 days. Peeled hypocotyls with a post-peeling preculture of 2 or 3 days had a high proportion of superficial area covered by transformed tissues after a 7 day-cocultivation duration. These results will help to improve the efficiency of recovery of transgenic plants by increasing the proportion of transformation in the regenerable tissues.