Quantitative Evaluation of the Circulatory Adjustment of Splenectomized Dogs to Hemorrhage

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Abstract
Controlled, single hemorrhages were carried out in splenectomized dogs (5–49% of blood volume) and sympathectomized-splenectomized dogs (5–32% of blood volume). A linear relationship exists between the degree of hemodilution and the amount of hemorrhage in both groups. Sympathetic activity aids in the fluid replacement after hemorrhage. In the sympathectomized-splenectomized dogs, the relationship between arterial pressure and blood volume reduction seems to be nonlinear. Arterial pressure of the splenectomized dogs does not decrease until blood volume reduction is more than 10%. Thereafter it decreases linearly with increasing volume reduction which is still compatible with life. In hemorrhages between 10 and 40% of blood volume, the roles played by sympathetic activity and hemodilution in the maintenance of arterial pressure are of about equal importance. The increase in heart rate after hemorrhage has S-shaped relationship to both blood volume reduction and arterial pressure decrease in dogs with or without sympathetic nervous system. The maximum heart rate displayed by sympathectomized dogs after hemorrhage (about 120 beats/min.) is much less than that of the dogs with sympathetic system intact (about 215 beats/min.). The activation of sympathetic activity is not fully achieved immediately after hemorrhage.

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