The generation of capillary instabilities on a liquid jet

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Abstract
The coupling between imposed disturbances and capillary instabilities on a liquid jet is examined. It is shown that in most physical situations the forcing produces neutral waves which can then turn into growing waves as the profile relaxes or may be amplified nonlinearly by a mechanism of the type considered by Akylas & Benney (1980). The effectiveness of the coupling is expressed quantitatively by numerically computed values of the ‘coupling coefficient’.