Universality and the renormalisability of rotationally invariant Kondo Hamiltonians

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Abstract
Wilson's numerical technique (1974, 1975) has been used to study the effects of including an extra potential term in the Kondo Hamiltonian and the effects of using and s-d exchange matrix which lacks particle-hole symmetry. It is found that these generalised Kondo Hamiltonians have universal properties. They can all be mapped into a canonical form for the Kondo Hamiltonian, one which possesses a particle-hole symmetry, provided that the operators in this canonical form now create and destroy one-electron basis states that have a phase-shift with respect to the original ones. The underlying physical reason for this universality is that the field theory belonging to the Kondo Hamiltonian is renormalisable.