Strategies of Emigration and Transfer by Primates, with Particular Reference to Gorillas

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Abstract
In many primate species, more .male..male. than .female..female. leave their natal group and transfer to another. In man, chimpanzee and the gorilla, the reverse is the case. Data for the gorilla on individuals'' movements into and out of breeding units were examined. Comparisons were made with other primates, and with data on 2 non-primate species in which .female..female. rather than .male..male. move between breeding units. Proximate causes and functions of emigration and transfer were considered, and the reasons (proximate and evolutionary) for the observed sex differences in frequency of movement were discussed.