THE INNERVATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NICTITATING MEMBRANE IN THE CAT

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Abstract
The passive, active and reflex movements of the nictitating membrane (NM) of the cat were studied. Passive movements exist, but are insignificant as compared with active movements. Smooth muscle supplied by sympathetic nerves causes the retraction of the NM. Striated muscle in the external rectus innervated by N. VI causes the active protrusion of the NM independently of outward rotation or retraction of the eyeball. Reflex closure of the lids and reflex protrusion of the NM are independent processes. They have different origins and nerve paths. They have, however, a similar result,[long dash]protection of the eye from irritating agents, chiefly foreign bodies. The NM of the cat has the same anatomic and physiologic significance as that of the bird, and a similar innervation. Cervical sympathec-tomy combined with either section of N. VI or deep anesthesia or curare gives a completely paralyzed NM.

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