SOIL EFFECTS ON PATULIN DISAPPEARANCE AND THE EFFECT OF AMMONIA ON PATULIN PHYTOTOXICITY

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Abstract
Patulin was applied to Holdrege silt loam, Sharpsburg silty clay loam, Peorian loess subsoil, and fine quartz sand in concentrations of 200, 400, and 800 micrograms per gram of soil or sand. Patulin disappearance was determined by chemical analysis and bioassay techniques using winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After application of 400 micrograms of patulin per gram of soil, only 27 to 69 percent of the patulin was immediately extractable using ethyl acetate. The inability to extract patulin from soil or sand was related to physical and chemical properties. Patulin seemed to be inactivated biologically and nonbiologically in the soil. After 192 hours, patulin was detected in only one of the autoclaved soils treated with 400 micrograms of patulin. Ammonia vapors detoxified patulin and produced products that could be measured by fluorescence under ultraviolet light, and this method of analysis could be used to screen routinely for patulin in samples. Patulin was applied to Holdrege silt loam, Sharpsburg silty clay loam, Peorian loess subsoil, and fine quartz sand in concentrations of 200, 400, and 800 micrograms per gram of soil or sand. Patulin disappearance was determined by chemical analysis and bioassay techniques using winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). After application of 400 micrograms of patulin per gram of soil, only 27 to 69 percent of the patulin was immediately extractable using ethyl acetate. The inability to extract patulin from soil or sand was related to physical and chemical properties. Patulin seemed to be inactivated biologically and nonbiologically in the soil. After 192 hours, patulin was detected in only one of the autoclaved soils treated with 400 micrograms of patulin. Ammonia vapors detoxified patulin and produced products that could be measured by fluorescence under ultraviolet light, and this method of analysis could be used to screen routinely for patulin in samples. © Williams & Wilkins 1980. All Rights Reserved.

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