A review of the current (1992) state of our knowledge concerning reproduction in open thelycum Penaeid shrimp with emphasis onPenaeus vannamei

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Abstract
The current state of knowledge relating to the reproduction of the commercially important open thelycum shrimps (Crustacea: Penaeidae) is reviewed with particular reference to Penaeus vannamei. Industry standard procedures for the breeding of shrimps in captivity are reviewed against a background of knowledge concerning the maturation processes in males and females. The factors controlling maturation are not completely understood, and it is not clear whether maturation of females is size-or age-dependent. Although unilateral eyestalk ablation is routinely used to induce maturation, the physiological mechanism of this operation is not properly understood. Further research on environmental conditions for successful maturation is required. Nutrition is an important component in successful artificial breeding programs that still rely on the provision of natural foods (squid and polychaeta). The processes of oocyte formation, mating, spawning and hatching are discussed in relation to observations made at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory.